Compare New Zealand (2005) - New Zealand (2008)

Compare New Zealand (2005) z New Zealand (2008)

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	New Zealand (2005)	New Zealand (2008)

Age structure	0-14 years: 21.4% (male 441,836/female 421,065) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 1,356,095/female 1,343,728) 65 years and over: 11.7% (male 206,650/female 266,087) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 20.8% (male 437,547/female 417,698) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 1,393,057/female 1,378,358) 65 years and over: 11.9% (male 214,189/female 274,922) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish	dairy products, lamb and mutton; wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef; fish
Airports	116 (2004 est.)	121 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)	total: 41 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 70 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)	total: 80 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 31 under 914 m: 46 (2007)
Birth rate	13.9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	13.61 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $38.29 billion expenditures: $36.12 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $54.36 billion expenditures: $48.51 billion (2007 est.)
Capital	Wellington	name: Wellington geographic coordinates: 41 28 S, 174 51 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in March note: New Zealand is divided into two time zones, including Chatham Island
Death rate	7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$47.34 billion (2004 est.)	$50.02 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 consulate(s) general: Auckland	chief of mission: Ambassador William P. McCORMICK embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 consulate(s) general: Auckland
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Roy N. FERGUSON chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international	asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) [see Antarctica]	asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $99.7 million	ODA, $276 million (2006 est.)
Economy - overview	Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has risen for six consecutive years and is now more than $23,000 in purchasing power parity terms. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output.	Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income has risen for eight consecutive years and reached $27,800 in 2007 in purchasing power parity terms. Consumer and government spending have driven growth in recent years, and exports picked up in 2006 after struggling for several years. Exports were equal to about 22% of GDP in 2007, down from 33% of GDP in 2001. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output. Inflationary pressures have built in recent years and the central bank raised its key rate 13 times since January 2004 to finish 2007 at 8.25%. A large balance of payments deficit poses another challenge in managing the economy.
Electricity - consumption	35.71 billion kWh (2002)	37.39 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	38.39 billion kWh (2002)	42.06 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside	deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000)	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Anand SATYANAND (since 23 August 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999); Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports	30,220 bbl/day (2001)	15,720 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - partners	Australia 21%, US 14.4%, Japan 11.3%, China 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2004)	Australia 20.5%, US 13.1%, Japan 10.3%, China 5.4%, UK 4.9% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	1 April - 31 March note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4.6% industry: 27.4% services: 68% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 4.3% industry: 26.2% services: 69.6% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $23,200 (2004 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	4.8% (2004 est.)	3% (2007 est.)
Government - note	-	while not an official symbol, the Kiwi, a small native flightless bird, represents New Zealand
Highways	total: 92,382 km paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,258 km (2002)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 0.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA (1991 est.)
Illicit drugs	-	significant consumer of amphetamines
Imports	119,700 bbl/day (2001)	140,900 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - partners	Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004)	Australia 20.5%, China 12.3%, US 11.8%, Japan 9.2%, Germany 4.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2006)
Industrial production growth rate	5.9% (2004 est.)	1.8% (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.4% (2004 est.)	2.5% (2007 est.)
International organization participation	ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	ADB, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	2,850 sq km (1998 est.)	2,850 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - Judges appointed by the Governor-General	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - judges appointed by the Governor-General
Labor force	2.05 million (2004 est.)	2.23 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995)	agriculture: 7% industry: 19% services: 74% (2006 est.)
Land use	arable land: 5.6% permanent crops: 6.99% other: 87.41% (2001)	arable land: 5.54% permanent crops: 6.92% other: 87.54% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Maori (official)	English (official), Maori (official), Sign Language (official)
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 17 September 2005 (next to be held not later than 15 November 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NZLP 41.1%, NP 39.1%, NZFP 5.72%, Green Party 5.3%, Maori 2.12%, UF 2.67%, ACT New Zealand 1.51%, Progressive 1.16%; seats by party - NZLP 50, NP 48, NZFP 7, Green Party 6, Maori 4, UF 3, ACT New Zealand 2, Progressive 1 note: results of 2005 election saw the total number of seats increase to 121 because the Maori Party won one more electorate seat than its entitlement under the party vote	unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists; to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 17 September 2005 (next to be held not later than 15 November 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NZLP 41.1%, NP 39.1%, NZFP 5.7%, Green Party 5.3%, Maori 2.1%, UF 2.7%, ACT New Zealand 1.5%, Progressive 1.2%, other 1.3%; seats by party - NZLP 50, NP 48, NZFP 7, Green Party 6, Maori 4, UF 3, ACT New Zealand 2, Progressive 1 note: results of 2005 election saw the total number of seats increase to 121 because the Maori Party won one more electorate seat than its entitlement under the party vote
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.66 years male: 75.67 years female: 81.78 years (2005 est.)	total population: 78.96 years male: 75.97 years female: 82.08 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine	total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT by type: cargo 3, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, bulk carrier 3 foreign-owned: 2 (Germany 1, Isle of Man 1) registered in other countries: 5 (2005)	total: 11 ships (1000 GRT or over) 108,667 GRT/89,458 DWT by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Germany 1) registered in other countries: 8 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 1, Dominica 3, France 1, UK 1) (2007)
Military branches	New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force	New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (2008)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1.147 billion (FY03/04)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1% (FY02)	1% (2005 est.)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); ANZAC Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)
Net migration rate	3.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	3.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004)	condensate 331 km; gas 1,896 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 260 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders	ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; Maori Party [Whatarangi WINIATA]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]	ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS]; Maori Party [Whatarangi WINIATA]; National Party or NP [John KEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
Population	4,035,461 (July 2005 est.)	4,115,771 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	1.02% (2005 est.)	0.95% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Auckland, Lyttelton, Tauranga, Wellington, Whangarei	-
Railways	total: 3,898 km narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2004)	total: 4,128 km narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2006)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.048 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.011 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.779 male(s)/female total population: 0.987 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 InMarSat (Pacific Ocean), 7 other
Telephones - main lines in use	1.765 million (2002)	1.729 million (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2.599 million (2003)	3.53 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations	41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)	41 (plus about 700 repeaters) (1997)
Total fertility rate	1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)	1.79 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.2% (2004 est.)	3.5% (2007 est.)

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